2009职称英语理工类B级模拟试题(4)
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第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Most-Favored-Nation Treatment
A tax placed on products because they go from one nation to another is called a tariff. Import duties are the most significant, most common, and most controversial of tariffs. They are used to raise money for a government, to protect domestic manufactures and agriculture, or to achieve a combination of both. The list of country’s import duties is called a tariff schedule. A single tariff schedule applies to all goods, no matter what their country of origin. A double or multicolumned(多列的)schedule provides for differing rates depending on the country of origin. Most modern trade agreements are made on the basis of what is called most-favored-nation treatment.
A most-favored-nation treatment guarantees that any rights or concessions in trade made by either of the contracting nations to a third nation are also granted to the other party to the treaty. The clause is also a guarantee against discriminatory(歧视性的)trade practices. Because these clauses are included in international trade treaties, they have become a principle of international law as well as instruments of economic policy.
The primary application of most-favored-nation status has always concerned the duties charged on imports. If, for example, Canada and Japan deal with each other on most-favored-nation terms, Canada could not place higher duties on Japanese television sets than it does on those imported from Korea. And, of course, any benefit granted to Korean imports would be given to Japan as well.
There have traditionally been two forms of most-favored-nation treatment, conditional and unconditional. Under the conditional form, the contracting parties do not grant all the concessions made to a third country, only those concessions specifically bargained for. In the unconditional form, any tariff concession granted to a third party is also granted to the other party to the treaty.
31 What are the chief purposes of charging duties on imports?
A To put taxes on any products that to in and out of a country.
B To guarantee the greatest part of income for a government.
C To stop foreign goods from entering one’s country.
D To support domestic production and increase a country’s income.
32 The phrase “no matter what their country of origin” in the first paragraph means
A no matter what countries the goods are from.
B no matter how highly developed the export countries are.
C no matter how highly developed the import countries are.
D no matter where the country is located.
33 The example in the third paragraph concerning Canada and Janpan best illustrates the statement that
A a most-favored-nation clause is included in every international trade treaty.
B contracting nations give to each other the same rights or concessions as to a third party.
C the most-favored-nation status is just applicable to import duties.
D Canada must treat Japan fairly by granting it the same benefits as to Korea.
34 Concerning the two forms of most-favored-nation treatment, we can see that
A the unconditional form of most-favored-nation treatment grants any rights and concessions to another party that demands them.
B the conditional form of most-favored-nation treatment is not in any sense desirable in international trade.
C The two forms of most-favored-nation treatment exist side by side in international trade practices.
D the author is obviously in favor of the unconditional form of most-favored-nation treatment.
35 Which of the following titles can best replace the original one?
A Decisive and Controversial Tariffs
B Import Duties:the Most Important Source of National Income
C Protection of Domestic Manufactures
D Mutual Benefit in International Trade Treaties
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第二篇 Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: They"ve been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you"re a plant, it"s difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That"s why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. , is working with green algae. She"s trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen." Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It"s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It"s not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae"s cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells" activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: "You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There"s a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."
36. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?
A Plants are the real experts in producing solar energy.
B Plants have been used to produce solar energy.
C Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.
D Plants have been a source of solar energy.
37. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?
A Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches.
B Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.
C Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
D Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient.
38. According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?
A When there is a lot of oxygen in the air.
B When there is no oxygen in the air.
C When photosynthesis is taking place.
D When enough starch is stored.
39. Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty?
A It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment.
B It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen.
C It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen.
D It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.
40. What is NOT true of algae?
A They are easy to grow.
B They can be a very good fuel source.
C They are cheap to eat.
D They can be used in many ways.
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第三篇? Clone Farm
Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to “clone” chickens on a massive scale. Once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered, tens of thousands of eggs, which will hatch into identical copies, could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate, have the same amount of meat and taste the same.
This, at least, is the vision of the US’s National Institute of Science and Technology, which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame, California, and Embrex of North Carolina $4.7 million to help fund research. The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups, who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.
That’s unlikely to put off the poultry industry, however, which wants disease resistant birds that grow faster on less food. “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,” says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen. To meet this demand, Origen aims to “create an animal that is effectively a clone”, he says. Normal cloning doesn’t work in birds because eggs can’t be removed and implanted, Instead, the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they’re laid. “The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish, so they remain pluripotent,” says Fitzgerald.
Using a long-established technique, these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid, fertilized recipient egg, forming a chick that is a “chimera”. Strictly speaking a chimera isn’t a clone, because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if, say, 95 percent of a chicken’s body develops from donor cells. “In the poultry world, it doesn’t matter if it’s not 100 percent,” he says.
Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production. To do this, it has teamed up with Embrex, which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it.
In future, Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken. If orders come in for a particular strain, millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks. At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders, and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.
41.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?
A. Eggs are all genetically engineered.
B. Thousands of eggs are produced every hour.
C. Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.
D. Identical eggs can be hatched on the production lines.
42. Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?
A. The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology.
B. Origen therapeutics of Burlingame, California.
C. Embrex of North Carolina.
D. Animal welfare groups.
43. In the third paragraph, by saying “Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there.” Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes
A. chickens’ quality could be maintained but with less investment.
B. chickens’ taste could be improved but at less costs.
C. chickens’ growth rate could be quickened but with less inputs.
D. chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.
44. Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?
A. Origen and Embrex will jointly invent machines to increase production.
B. Origen wants to purchase an efficient donor cells injecting machine.
C. Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.
D. Origen is the leading company in producing embryo-locating machines.
45. The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that
A. farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.
B. Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need.
C. chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons.
D. chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need.
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第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Spread of Microorganisms
There is scarcely a place on earth which is naturally free of microorganisms (微生物). 46 . But on external body surfaces, on lining membranes(内膜) and inside tubes and organs that are connected with the outside?—?such as the mouth, throat, nose, and large intestine(肠)?—?both harmless and pathogenic(病原的)microbes(微生物)live in large numbers. 47 . If these natural defenses are sound, a person may conceal many microbes without ill effect. However, if his resistance becomes lowered, an infection can result.
Microbes are spread about through an almost infinite variety of means. 48 . The more crowded the conditions, the greater the chances of epidemics(流行病) breaking out. 49 .
Although microbes cannot fly, the dust of the air is alive with them. In close quarters the atmosphere is further polluted by bacteria-loaded tiny drops discharged by coughing and even normal conversation. Pathogenic microbes are also spread by rats, mice, flies and mosquitoes. 50 . In slum areas there is often a combination of crowded conditions and poor sanitation(环境卫生). In addition, many of the inhabitants have lowered resistance because of shortage of food and other undesirable unhealthy practices. As a result, epidemics are likely to begin in these districts.
All civilized societies establish and enforce measures designed to protect the health of their populations. Most of these practices are concerned with preventing the spread of the pathogenic organisms
A The atmosphere is a carrier of microorganisms
B One exception is the interior of normal body tissue
C Microbial growth is further helped by the widespread presence of dirt and the lack of sunlight
D The body has natural defenses against these organisms
E The body has no defenses against these organisms
F The simplest way is by person-to-person contact
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第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Taking a Nap During the Day
Medical experts say most Americans do not get 51 sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before 52 with other activities.
One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less 53 to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults 54 about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour 55 three times a week had a 37 present lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.
Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 56 by mitigating tension caused by work.
Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 57 of napping for many years. They urge people to 58 work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 59 and accidents, and 60 increases the amount of work a person can do.
Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel 61 And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is 62 you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 63 the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap 64 last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be 65 .
51. A sweet B sound C bad D enough
52. A checking B sharing C continuing D meeting
53. A lovely B likely C fondly D finely
54. A for B at C in D with
55. A at least B at most C at last D at first
56. A ability B health C thinking D life
57. A experiment B reform C idea D way
58. A repeat B improve C change D leave
59. A work B mistakes C energy D time
60. A never B seldom C too D also
61. A ready B good C sleepy D awake
62. A all B few C any D nothing
63. A unless B while C until D during
64. A would B may C might D should
65. A helpful B difficult C easy D happy
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类(B级)模拟试题(二)参考答案
1 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 A 7 D 8 B 9 D 10 A 11 C 12 C 13 A14 A 15 A
16 B 17 A 18 A 19 B 20 C? 21 A 22 A 23 D 24 C 25 A 26 B27 C 28 D 29 F 30 A
31 D 32 A33 B 34 C 35 D 36 C 37 B 38 B 39 D 40 C 41 C 42 A 43 D 44C 45 A
46 B 47 D 48 F 49 A 50 C 51D 52 C 53 B 54 A 55 A 56 B 57 C 58 D 59 B 60 D
61 C 62 A 63 C 64 D 65 B（第一考试网整理）
职称英语理工类c级|2009职称英语理工类B级模拟试题(4)
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